Xi Jinping signals China ready to step up support for developing nations

China under Xi has been stepping up efforts to appeal to emerging economies in the so-called Global South, nations spanning South America, Africa and Southeast Asia. He has also cast his signature Belt and Road Initiative as a sweeping alternative to the US-led world order; pushed to expand the BRICS bloc; and presented his nation as a peacemaker amid the fighting in Ukraine and Gaza.

In a speech last year to mark the 10th anniversary of the global infrastructure push, Xi criticized unilateral sanctions, geopolitical rivalry and bloc politics. While he didn’t identify any country, the remarks were clear references to US policy toward China in recent years, which Washington has characterized as de-risking but Beijing sees as an effort to thwart its rising power.

China has sought to cultivate influence among African nations for decades, and holds up railroad and other projects built by its companies as benefiting the continent. The US has said China’s loans to emerging market-economies mire them in debt.

Chinese diplomats dispute the idea that the nation seeks greater influence in the Global South. In January, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning said Beijing’s relationship with the countries was aimed at “safeguarding world peace, promoting global development and upholding international order.”

Later this year, Beijing will host the next round of the Forum on China–Africa Cooperation. China touts the platform founded in 2000 and including 53 African nations as a display of its multilateral approach to world affairs. Beijing has an influential role in setting the forum’s agenda and hosted two of its three leaders’ summits so far.

Focac started largely as forum focused on trade but under Xi that’s been expanded to include topics such as security and ideology.