Aditya L1 solar mission completes third successful Earth-bound manoeuvre: ISRO

"The third Earth-bound maneuvre (EBN#3) is performed successfully from ISTRAC, Bengaluru. ISRO's ground stations at Mauritius, Bengaluru, SDSC-SHAR and Port Blair tracked the satellite during this operation. The new orbit attained is 296 km x 71767 km. The next maneuvre (EBN#4) is scheduled for September 15, 2023, around 02:00 Hrs. IST," ISRO tweeted.

Aditya-L1 stands as India's inaugural space-based observatory, designed to explore the Sun from a halo orbit positioned at the first Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), situated approximately 1.5 million km from Earth.

The second earth-bound manoeuvre was successfully completed on September 5 and the first on September 3.

These manoeuvres are deemed essential during the spacecraft's 16-day circumnavigation around Earth, enabling it to amass the necessary velocity for its onward journey to L1.

On September 2, ISRO's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C57) successfully launched Aditya-L1 from the Second Launch Pad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota.

The spacecraft is projected to reach its designated orbit at point L1 roughly 127 days post-launch, according to the space agency.

ISRO asserts that a spacecraft positioned in a halo orbit around point L1 enjoys the advantage of uninterrupted Sun observation, devoid of any occultations or eclipses. This offers a significant advantage in real-time monitoring of solar activities and their influence on space weather.

Aditya-L1 carries seven homegrown scientific payloads, developed by ISRO and national research laboratories, including the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru, and the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune.

These payloads will investigate the photosphere, chromosphere, and the outermost solar layer, the corona, employing electromagnetic, particle, and magnetic field detectors.

Out of these, four payloads will directly observe the Sun, while the remaining three will conduct in-situ studies of particles and fields at Lagrange point L1, delivering critical data concerning the propagation of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium.

The findings from the Aditya L1 payloads are anticipated to provide invaluable insights into the enigmas surrounding coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities, space weather dynamics, and the behaviour of particles and fields.

In the view of scientists, there are five Lagrangian points, or gravitational parking areas, that exist between Earth and the Sun, where small objects can remain with minimal fuel consumption.

Named after Italian-French mathematician Joseph-Louis Lagrange, these points in space serve as advantageous locations for spacecraft to maintain their positions, as the gravitational forces of the Sun and Earth balance the necessary centripetal force for objects to move harmoniously with them.