Global emissions can be halved by 2030 with major transitions in energy sector: IPCC report

Climate change threatens agriculture, food production in India: UN body report

"We are at crossroads. The decisions we make now can secure a liveable future. We have the tools and knowhow required to limit warming," said IPCC Chair Hoesung Lee. "I am encouraged by climate action being taken in many countries. There are policies, regulations and market instruments that are proving effective. If these are scaled up and applied more widely and equitably, they can support deep emissions reductions and stimulate innovation," Lee said.

Joyashree Roy, one of the coordinating authors of the report, said an important takeaway from the report is that the next few years will be critical when countries will decide mitigating actions. "Unless mitigation action is taken, the 1.5 degrees limit cannot be reached. We need to ramp up action without delay. The report says there are ways to improve our chances of success to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius," Roysaid.

Navroz K Dubash, another co-author of the report, said that focus should be on doing as much as possible in the short run. "What can be done in this decade is very important. We have to look at the next 10 years first and not just at targets for 2050," he said.

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The report was approved by 195 member governments of the IPCC through a virtual approval session that started on March 21. It is the third instalment of the IPCC's sixth assessment report (AR6), which will be completed this year. "Having the right policies, infrastructure and technology in place to enable changes to our lifestyles and behaviour can result in a 40-70 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This offers significant untapped potential," said IPCC Working Group III Co-Chair Priyadarshi Shukla.

"The evidence also shows that these lifestyle changes can improve our health and well-being," Shukla said. According to the report, reducing emissions in industry will involve using materials more efficiently, reusing and recycling products and minimizing waste. For basic materials, including steel, building materials and chemicals, low-to zero-green house gas production processes are at their pilot to near-commercial stage, it said.

"This sector accounts for about a quarter of global emissions. Achieving net zero will be challenging and will require new production processes, low and zero emissions electricity, hydrogen, and, where necessary, carbon capture and storage. Agriculture, forestry, and other land use can provide large-scale emissions reductions and also remove and store carbon dioxide at scale. However, land cannot compensate for delayed emissions reductions in other sectors. Response options can benefit biodiversity, help us adapt to climate change, and secure livelihoods, food and water, and wood supplies," it said.

The report cautioned that limiting warming to around 1.5 degrees Celsius requires global greenhouse gas emissions to peak before 2025 at the latest, and be reduced by 43 percent by 2030, and at the same time, methane would also need to be reduced by about a third. "Even if we do this, it is almost inevitable that we will temporarily exceed this temperature threshold but could return to below it by the end of the century," the report said.

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