homeeconomy NewsNITI Paper projects a decline in poverty in India to 11.28% in FY23 from 29% in FY14
NITI Paper projects a decline in poverty in India to 11.28% in FY23 from 29% in FY14
According to NITI Aayog, cooking fuel and housing continue to have the highest deprivation at 43.9% and 41.37%, respectively. While child mortality, electricity and bank accounts maintain the lowest deprivation levels at below 4%,
A NITI Aayog discussion paper claims, India witnessed a steep decline in poverty levels during the last 9 years. According to the report, India's poverty ratio fell to 11.28% in the previous financial year from slightly over 29% in 2013-14 and more remarkably, from the over 55% levels in 2005-06. It also notes that close to 25 crore Indians escaped poverty from 2013-14 to 2022-23.
However, NITI’s assessment of poverty in India is not based on the per capita income benchmark but globally defined sustainable development goals like access to health, education and improvement in the standard of living, called multidimensional poverty indicators. According to NITI Aayog's report, the World Bank defines the international poverty line at $2.15 a day to measure monetary poverty. And as per the latest World Bank data, “the poverty headcount ratio decreased from 18.73% in 2015 to 11.9% in 2021 in India”.
However, 2021 was also the year when the covid pandemic was wreaking havoc globally and India was at the epicentre with the Delta variant taking lives of lakhs of Indians. The NITI paper also says, “since some part of the National Family Health Survey-5 data were collected before the pandemic, the estimates presented in this paper may not fully reflect the impact of Covid on the economy or the implications of subsequent government interventions.”
That said, among the 12 criterias to measure poverty or deprivation–nutrition, maternal health, child and adolescent mortality, schooling, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, housing, electricity, assets and bank accounts–NITI Aayog says that cooking fuel at 43.9% and housing at 41.37% continue to have the highest deprivation. While child mortality , electricity and bank accounts maintain the lowest deprivation levels at below 4%.
Thus, the report clearly states that India has made significant strides in enhancing the quality of life for millions of Indians, with government interventions like PM POSHAN, Ujjwala Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), Swacch Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana and PM Awas Yojana are making a measurable difference.
The NITI report also observes, the fastest reduction in the proportion of multidimensional poor was witnessed in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan. Bihar experienced the largest decline in the head count of multidimensionally poor, followed by MP and UP.
(Edited by : Keshav Singh Chundawat)
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