International Unemployment Day, observed annually on March 6, aims to raise awareness and understanding of the relationship between the economy and unemployment rates. The idea of World Unemployment Day has emerged due to a heightened recognition of unemployment as a significant global concern.
It likely stems from various social movements, campaigns and international initiatives aimed at addressing unemployment and promoting equitable employment opportunities for all.
History of International Unemployment Day
The global economic downturn known as the Great Depression, sparked by the 1929 stock market crash, had far-reaching effects on economies worldwide. It led to widespread unemployment, exacerbated by limited social services available to support those affected.
On March 6, 1930, in response to this crisis, thousands of individuals in major cities worldwide participated in protests against the widespread unemployment caused by the Great Depression. This coordinated series of marches and demonstrations became known as International Unemployment Day.
The concept of International Unemployment Day was initiated by the Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI) in Moscow. Originally scheduled for February 26, 1930, the date was postponed to allow for better preparation. Despite the delay, the events effectively drew attention to the issue of unemployment.
The campaign, which had global appeal, saw participation from countries like Germany, the UK, and the USA. However, some demonstrations turned violent, resulting in casualties in cities such as Berlin, Vienna, and Bilbao. In contrast, protests in London and Sydney were relatively peaceful.
In the United States, 30 cities, including Boston, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Cleveland, Washington, DC, San Francisco, and Seattle, witnessed large-scale demonstrations as part of the campaign. However, in New York City and Detroit, the protests escalated into violent riots as police clashed with tens of thousands of demonstrators wielding batons.
Significance of International Unemployment Day
International Unemployment Day serves as a platform to raise awareness about the challenges faced by the unemployed. It allows individuals to highlight this pressing issue and urge policymakers to address it effectively. Additionally, it aims to foster greater empathy for those experiencing financial difficulties.
Unemployment rate in India
In 2023, the country’s unemployment rate decreased to 3.1% from 3.6% the previous year, according to the latest employment-unemployment indicators report from the National Statistical Office’s Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS).
The report shows a significant decline in the unemployment rate across different regions and genders. In rural areas, the unemployment rate dropped to 2.4% in 2023 from 2.8% in the previous year.
Among genders, the unemployment rate for females decreased to 3% in 2023 from 3.3% in 2022. Similarly, the unemployment rate for males decreased to 3.2% in 2023 from 3.7% in the same period the year before.
In 2023, the labour force participation rate (LFPR) rose to 59.8%, up from 56.1% in 2022.
(Edited by : Priyanka Deshpande)
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