Rising demand for SUVs and bigger cars weighs on batteries, emissions

"The shift towards heavier and less fuel-efficient conventional vehicles increases growth in both oil demand and CO2 emissions," the agency said, noting that SUVs consume about a fifth more gasoline than an average medium-sized car.

"Between 2021 and 2022, oil use in conventional cars, excluding SUVs, remained roughly the same, but the oil consumption of SUVs globally increased by 500,000 barrels per day, accounting for one-third of the total growth in oil demand," it said.

And while conventional vehicle sales slowed slightly in 2022, by about 1 million SUVs and 1 million smaller cars, sales of electric vehicles almost doubled to a record of more than 10 million. For the first time, electric SUVs outpaced electric non-SUVs, at 5.5 million compared to 5.3 million.

Electric SUVs require larger batteries than smaller cars, the agency noted.

"A growing electric SUV market would impose additional pressure on battery supply chains and further increase demand for the critical minerals needed to make the batteries," it said.

The IEA urged policymakers and manufacturers to address the issue and suggested three possible actions: "Downsizing of the average car size; increasing battery swapping; and investing in innovative battery technologies."